Java Operators

An operator is used to perform an operation over one or more operands. It is a character that represents an action, for example * is an arithmatic operator that represents multiplication.

Operator in Java are classified as:-

1. Assignment Operator
2. Arithmetic Operator
3. Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operator
4. Logical Operator
5. Relation Operator
6. Bitwise Operator
7. Ternary Operator

1) Assignment Operator:

Assignments operators in java are: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

Example:

public class AssignmentOperatorDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a = 10;
      int b = 20;

      b = a;
      System.out.println("= Output: "+b);

      b += a;
      System.out.println("+= Output: "+b);
          
      b -= a;
      System.out.println("-= Output: "+b);
          
      b *= a;
      System.out.println("*= Output: "+b);
          
      b /= a;
      System.out.println("/= Output: "+b);
          
      b %= a;
      System.out.println("%= Output: "+a);
   }
}

Output

= Output: 10
+= Output: 20
-= Output: 10
*= Output: 100
/= Output: 10
%= Output: 0

2) Arithmetic Operator:

Arithmetic Operator are used to perform arithmetic operations over two operands. Basic arithmetic operators are: +, -, *, /, %

Example:

public class ArithmeticOperatorDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a = 80;
      int b = 10;

      System.out.println("a + b: " + (a + b) );
      System.out.println("a - b: " + (a - b) );
      System.out.println("a * b: " + (a * b) ); 
      System.out.println("a / b: " + (a / b) );
      System.out.println("a % b: " + (a % b) );
   }
}

Output:

a + b: 90
a – b: 70
a * b: 800
a / b: 8
a % b: 0

3) Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators:

Auto-increment operator is: ++ and auto-decrement operator is: –.
a++ is equivalent to a=a+1.
a– is equivalent to a=a-1.

Example:

public class AutoOperatorDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      int a=10;
      int b=20;
      a++;
      b--;
      System.out.println("a++ is: "+a);
      System.out.println("b-- is: "+b);
   }
}

Output:

a++ is: 11
b– is: 19

4) Logical Operators:

Logical Operators are used with binary variables. They are mainly used in conditional statements and loops for evaluating a condition.
Logical operators in java are:

1. Logical AND (&&),
2. Logical OR (||),
3. Logical NOT (!)

Example:

public class LogicalOperatorDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      boolean X = true;
      boolean Y = false;

      System.out.println("X && Y: " + (X&&Y));
      System.out.println("X || Y: " + (X||Y));
      System.out.println("!(X && Y): " + !(X&&Y));
   }
}

Output:

X && Y: false
X || Y: true
!(X && Y): true

5) Relational Operator:

Relational operators are used to compare the values of two operands. We have six relational operators in Java: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.

NOTE: This example is using if-else statement which is our next tutorial, if you are finding it difficult to understand then refer if-else in Java.

Example:

public class RelationalOperatorDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a = 10;
      int b = 50;
      if (a==b) {
     System.out.println("a and b are equal");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a and b are not equal");
      }

      if( a != b ){
     System.out.println("a and b are not equal");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a and b are equal");
      }

      if( a > b){
     System.out.println("a is greater than b");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a is not greater than b");
      }

      if( a >= b ){
     System.out.println("a is greater than or equal to b");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a is less than b");
      }

      if( a < b ){
     System.out.println("a is less than b");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a is not less than b");
      }

      if( a <= b){
     System.out.println("a is less than or equal to b");
      }
      else{
     System.out.println("a is greater than b");
      }
   }
}

Output:

a and b are not equal
a and b are not equal
a is not greater than b
a is less than b
a is less than b
a is less than or equal to b

6) Bitwise Operator:

There are six bitwise Operators:

1. Bitwise complement (~)
2. Bitwise AND (&)
3. Bitwise inclusive OR (|)
4. Bitwise exclusive OR (^)
5. Left shift (<<)
6. Right shift (>>)

Example:

public class BitwiseOperatorDemo {
  public static void main(String args[]) {

     int a = 11;  /* 11 = 00001011 */
     int b = 22;  /* 22 = 00010110 */
     int result = 0;

     result = a & b;   
     System.out.println("a & b: "+result);

     result = a | b;   
     System.out.println("a | b: "+result);
    
     result = a ^ b;   
     System.out.println("a ^ b: "+result);
    
     result = ~a;   
     System.out.println("~a: "+result);
    
     result = a << 2;   
     System.out.println("a << 2: "+result); 
     
     result = a >> 2;   
     System.out.println("a >> 2: "+result);
  }
}

Output

a & b: 2
a | b: 31
a ^ b: 29
~a: -12
a << 2: 44
a >> 2: 2

7) Ternary Operator:

This operator evaluates a boolean expression and assign the value based on the result.

Syntax:

variable num1 = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

If the expression results true then the first value before the colon (:) is assigned to the variable num1 else the second value is assigned to the num1.

Example:

public class TernaryOperatorDemo {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
        int num1, num2;
        num1 = 25;
        /* num1 is not equal to 10 that's why
     * the second value after colon is assigned
     * to the variable num2
     */
    num2 = (num1 == 10) ? 100: 200;
    System.out.println( "num2: "+num2);

    /* num1 is equal to 25 that's why
     * the first value is assigned
     * to the variable num2
     */
    num2 = (num1 == 25) ? 100: 200;
    System.out.println( "num2: "+num2);
   }
}

Output:

num2: 200
num2: 100